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The Pantry:  SUBSTITUTES  - leaveners

CHOCOLATE & COCOA

DAIRY

EGGS

FATS

FLAVORINGS

FLOUR & GRAINS

FRUIT, CITRUS & PUREES

LEAVENERS

SWEETENERS

THICKENERS

OTHER (Cream of tartar, etc.)

Vegan

Other Food

FOR: SUBSTITUTE WITH:
SINGLE ACTING BAKING POWDER (CAUTION: Substitutes are NOT reliable)
For one teaspoon SINGLE-ACTING baking powder: mix 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar plus 1/4 teaspoon baking soda. Single-acting means that it will create gas quickly when moistened, so the batter must be cooked quickly or it will go flat. For double-acting baking powder, the kind commonly used in recipes and sold in grocery stores, there isn't any easy home substitution. 
SINGLE-ACTING Corn-free: For 1-2/3s cup, blend: 1/3 cup baking soda + 2/3 cup cream of tartar + 2/3 cup arrowroot starch. Thoroughly blend all ingredients together, and store in airtight container. Use in recipes to replace standard baking powder, 1 for 1.
BAKING SODA There is no good substitute for it.
STARTER (one cup) 1 cup of starter for each one-ounce yeast cake, and then reduce the amounts of flour and liquid in the recipe, each by about one cup. (However, the results will be drastically different, unless used in a rustic-type bread.) If the recipe is a "quick yeast" or "quick-rise" recipe, it usually calls for double or triple the amount of yeast as a regular recipe, and the above rule does not apply.
YEAST  One (1/4-ounce) 7 gram yeast packet OR 1 cake of fresh yeast (0.6 ounce) EQUALS 2- 1/4 teaspoons dry yeast (active dry, instant active dry, bread machine) NOTE: Equivalencies may vary. Follow the package instructions.
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bread cakes candy chocolate cookies custard
decorating frozen healthy pastry pies quick breads

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